Japanese
Japanese immigration into the United States began in the late 1800s. Immigrants tended to be young, from rural areas, and possessing a culture that was often considered foreign to Americans. They served as cheap labor on farms, railroads, mines and canneries, often replacing the Chinese labor.
At the outbreak of World War II in December of 1941, there were great concerns regarding the security of military installations along the West Coast. In February of 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt 
signed Executive Order 9066, placing all people of Japanese ancestry into relocation centers in Washington, California, Oregon, Wyoming, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado and Utah. This encompassed two-thirds of all Japanese citizens living in the western United States.
The initial removal of Japanese took place through 16 army assembly centers. These were converted fairgrounds, race tracks and athletic stadiums. They were ordered to be ready on a certain date and would be picked up and taken to the assembly centers. By 1945, there were 16 camps across the United States with two in Arkansas (Jerome and Rowher).
The property at Jerome was obtained from the Farm Security Administration and consisted of over 10,000 acres. At Rowher, 9,000 acres of heavily wooded and swampy land was purchased for the second internment camp. At its peak of occupation, Rowher was the fifth largest city in Arkansas.
There were general features of the camps that were uniform. All were almost identical in their daily activities, housing and dining facilities. All children from 6 to 18 years of age were mandated to attend school for eight hours a day.
There were large amounts of free time for children and adults who were not mandated to attend scheduled activities. Jobs were available for adults at the camp or in surrounding communities, but they often resulted in very low pay.
Incidents of harassment by Arkansas were documented toward the evacuees during the three years that the camps were open. One member of the Arkansas General Assembly commented that, "I don't believe that anybody wants a Japanese person in Arkansas. If I had my way, we'd put them all on a ship and have [them] torpedoed."
In June of 1944, the Jerome Relocation Center closed. Five thousand people were moved from Jerome to other centers. By mid-1945, a schedule for closing the centers was established, and by June of 1946, the relocation program was officially terminated by the United States government.